Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Separator Baterai Berbahan Selulosa Alga Cladophora

Anna Niska Fauza, Mardiyati Mardiyati, Steven Steven

Abstract


Separator membrane is one of the important components that serves as a separator between two electrodes for ionic transfer in the electrolyte, as well as to ensure the safety and capacitance performance of the battery. Recently, research on environmentally friendly materials for separator has been developed in order to substitute polyolefin-based separator, one of them is cellulose. Cellulose has excellent properties, such as good wettability, low cost of processing, good mechanical properties, and renewable. In this research, the separator was prepared by using cellulose extracted from Cladophora algae. Cellulose was extracted by performed alkalization, acid treatment and bleaching with 17.5% of NaOH, H2SO4 1M and 5% of H2O2 respectively. The separator membrane was prepared by using solution casting with concentration of cellulose varied in 0,011; 0,008; 0,006; 0,004 dan 0,003 gr/cm2. The porosity and thermal stability were determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical stability and contact angle characterization were conducted to determine chemical retention of the separator membrane toward electrolyte and wettability of the membrane. Based on the result, the extracted cellulose from Cladophora algae has the potential to be utilized as a material for the separator membrane of battery.


Membran separator merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang berfungsi sebagai pemisah antara dua elektroda untuk transfer ion didalam elektrolit, serta memastikan keselamatan dan performa kapasitansi pada baterai. Pengembangan material separator baterai yang ramah lingkungan saat ini banyak dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mencari material alternatif selain poliolefin. Salah satu material yang cukup menjanjikan adalah selulosa. Selulosa memiliki sifat wettability yang baik, biaya pemrosesan yang rendah, sifat mekanik yang baik dan merupakan material yang dapat diperbaharui.  Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan separator baterai dari bahan selulosa yang diekstrak dari alga Cladophora. Selulosa diperoleh melalui tiga perlakuan yaitu alkalisasi dengan menggunakan NaOH 17,5%, perlakuan asam dengan menggunakan H2SO4 1M dan bleaching dengan menggunakan H2O2 5%. Membran separator dibuat dengan menggunakan metode solution casting dengan konsentrasi selulosa sebesar 0,011; 0,008; 0,006; 0,004 dan 0,003 gr/cm2. Pengukuran porositas dan stabilitas termal dilakukan dengan menggunakan scannning electron microscopy (SEM) dan  thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Pengujian stabilitas kimia dan sudut kontak dilakukan untuk menentukan ketahanan kimia membran separator terhadap elektrolit dan sifat wettability. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa selulosa yang diekstrak dari alga Cladophora memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan membran separator baterai.


Keywords


alga, cladophora, membran separator, porositas, selulosa

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v9i2.135

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