Pembuatan Prekursor Serat Karbon dari Lignin Limbah Black Liquor

Silvia Mar’atus Shoimah, Mardiyati Mardiyati, Steven Steven, Arif Basuki

Abstract


Carbon fiber precursor is a raw material required to produce carbon fiber and it spends around 51% of the manufacturing total cost of carbon fiber. Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world and has the potential to be utilized as a precursor of carbon fiber due to its high amount of carbon content, which reaches 68%. In this research, lignin which was extracted from black liquor waste was then utilized for the preparation of carbon fiber precursor. Extracted lignin was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varied concentration of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% (wt%) and prepared as fiber using wet spinning method. Tensile strength of lignin fiber was determined based on ASTM D-3882 standard. SEM characterization was conducted to evaluate the morphology of lignin fiber. Moreover, TGA characterization was conducted to evaluate the thermal properties and carbon yield of lignin/PVA fiber, respectively. The result showed that the highest tensile strength of 633.29 MPa was achieved at 50% of lignin/PVA concentration. The thermal resistance of lignin fiber tended to improve with the increase of lignin concentration. This result showed that the lignin/PVA fiber has a great potential to be used as a carbon fiber precursor.


Prekursor serat karbon merupakan bahan baku yang digunakan dalam pembuatan serat karbon dan menghabiskan sekitar 51% dari total biaya produksi serat karbon. Lignin merupakan polimer hayati paling melimpah kedua di bumi dan sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi prekursor serat karbon karena memiliki kandungan karbon yang tinggi mencapai 68%. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pembuatan prekursor serat karbon yang berbahan dasar lignin hasil pengolahan limbah black liquor. Lignin diekstraksi dari limbah black liquor dengan menggunakan metode asidifikasi. Lignin yang telah diekstraksi selanjutnya dicampur dengan polivinil alkohol (PVA) dengan variasi konsentrasi sebesar 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% (w/w) menggunakan metode wet spinning. Pengujian tarik serat lignin/PVA dilakukan dengan mengacu pada standar ASTM D-3882. Karakterisasi SEM dilakukan untuk mengetahui morfologi serat yang dihasilkan. Karakterisasi TGA dilakukan untuk mengetahui sifat termal dan carbon yield dari serat lignin/PVA. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, kekuatan serat lignin tertinggi yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 633,29 MPa yang diperoleh oleh serat lignin/PVA dengan konsentrasi lignin sebesar 50%. Makin tinggi kandungan lignin akan menghasilkan serat lignin dengan kekuatan tarik dan ketahanan termal yang makin tinggi pula. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa serat lignin/PVA yang dihasilkan sangat berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai prekursor serat karbon.


Keywords


black liquor, ekstraksi, lignin, prekursor serat karbon, serat lignin

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v9i2.133

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