The Effect of Tannin on Carbon Steel Corrosion in Nitric Acid Solutions
Abstract
Carbon steel is commonly used as construction material of processing equipment due to its strength, ease of fabrication, and low cost. Nevertheless, carbon steel is susceptible to corrosion by process fluid, like nitric acid. However, corrosion effect can be reduced by inhibitor addition. Tannin is one of carbon steel corrosion inhibitors in acidic solution. Tannin is an organic compound which has hidroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, decomposed easily, and non-toxic. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of tannin as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in nitric acid solutions. The corrosion rate is determined using the Tafel method, whereas the corrosion mechanism is predicted by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that tannin is ineffective to inhibit carbon steel corrosion in nitric acid solution. The carbon steel corrosion reaction in nitric acid solution, with or without tannin addition, is reversible, involving single step oxidation-reduction reaction, resulting stable corrosion product, and not forming any passivation.
Baja karbon merupakan bahan konstruksi yang sering digunakan untuk peralatan proses karena kuat, mudah difabrikasi, dan harganya relatif murah. Namun, baja karbon tidak tahan terhadap korosi oleh fluida proses seperti asam nitrat. Pencegahan korosi peralatan proses oleh asam nitrat dapat dilakukan dengan cara penambahan inhibitor. Salah satu inhibitor yang dapat menurunkan laju korosi baja karbon adalah tanin. Tanin merupakan senyawa organik yang memiliki gugus hidroksil dan karboksil, mudah terurai, tidak beracun, dan dapat menginhibisi korosi baja karbon di dalam larutan asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keefektifan tanin sebagai inhibitor korosi baja karbon di dalam larutan asam nitrat, mengetahui mekanisme inhibisi korosi, serta mengetahui dosis tanin yang diperlukan untuk menurunkan laju korosi baja di dalam larutan asam nitrat hingga suatu nilai yang dianggap tidak berbahaya. Penentuan laju korosi dilakukan dengan metoda Tafel, sedangkan mekanisme korosi diprediksi dengan metoda voltametri siklik. Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat eksperimental, dengan variabel yang dimanipulasi adalah konsentrasi asam nitrat, dosis tanin, dan temperatur operasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, didapatkan bahwa tanin tidak efektif digunakan sebagai inhibitor korosi baja karbon di dalam larutan asam nitrat. Proses korosi baja di dalam larutan asam nitrat dengan ataupun tanpa tanin berlangsung dalam satu tahap, secara reversibel, membentuk produk korosi yang stabil, dan tidak cenderung pasif. Penambahan tanin sebanyak 80 ppm hanya sedikit menurunkan arus korosi baja di dalam larutan asam nitrat.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v5i1.53
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