Peningkatan Koersivitas Magnet Permanen Tipe Nd2Fe14B dengan Metoda Perlakuan Panas
Abstract
Nd2Fe14B-type permanent magnet are widely used as components in electric motors and generators. In such applications, permanent magnets are exposed to heat loads due to induction, which results decreased in coercivity. Therefore it is needed to obtain permanent magnets that have high coercivity values so that they can still work in high temperature environments. This research was conducted to increase the coercivity of permanent magnet type Nd2Fe14B by heat treatment method. The heat treatment temperature was varied for samples in the vacuum furnace and was held for 2 hours and continued with normalizing. The sample was then characterized by Permagraph, XRD and SEM. The test results showed that heat treatment with a temperature of 850ºC increased the coercivity of permanent magnet type Nd2Fe14B up to 41.6% from 13.7 kOe to 19.00 kOe. This was due to Nd2Fe14B grains separation after heat treatment with a more even distribution of Nd-rich phase in the grain boundaries.
Magnet permanen tipe Nd2Fe14B banyak digunakan sebagai komponen pada motor dan generator listrik. Dalam aplikasi tersebut, magnet permanen terkena beban panas akibat terjadinya induksi, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan koersivitasnya. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan cara untuk mendapatkan magnet permanen yang memiliki nilai koersivitas tinggi agar masih dapat bekerja pada lingkungan bertemperatur tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan koersivitas magnet permanen tipe Nd2Fe14B dengan metode perlakuan panas. Proses perlakuan panas pada sampel dilakukan dengan cara memvariasikan temperatur di dalam vacuum furnace dan ditahan selama 2 jam, dilanjutkan dengan normalizing. Sampel tersebut kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan Permagraph, XRD dan SEM. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan panas pada temperatur 850ºC dapat meningkatkan koersivitas magnet permanen tipe Nd2Fe14B sampai dengan 41,6% dari 13,7 kOe menjadi 19,00 kOe. Kenaikan ini sebagai akibat dari adanya pemisahan antar butiran Nd2Fe14B setelah perlakuan panas dengan penyebaran Nd-rich phase yang lebih merata di batas butirnya.
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