Investigasi Fraktografi dan Analisa Tegangan pada Kerusakan Baut M64 Grade 10,9 yang Mengalami Pengencangan Berlebih

Apriardi Ihlas, Daniel Fajar Puspita, Budi Tjahjohartoto

Abstract


Bolt with relatively big dimension is generally used in infrastructure construction, such as in harbors. An investigation on failure of M64 bolt 10.9 grade had been done. The objective of this research is to analyze the cause of failure to prevent repeated incident. A series of testing including: (1) visual and fractography check, (2) chemical composition test, (3) torsional shear calculation has been conducted to support the investigation. The result showed that the fracture zone is dominated with overload zone, which indicated an instantaneous brittle fracture. This was supported with the findings of several ratchet mark as a symptoms of stress concentrated. The condition was very sensitive to bending load during tightening. Based on fracture surface analysis the fracture belonged to concentrated high bending load. As for the torsional shear calculation, it proved that there was an over-torquing subjected to the bolt.


Baut dengan dimensi yang relatif besar umum digunakan pada infrastrukur, misalnya di pelabuhan. Telah dilakukan investigasi kerusakan pada baut M64 Grade 10,9 yang mengalami patah antara bagian kepala dan batang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyebab kerusakan agar kejadian serupa tidak terulang kembali. Oleh karena itu,  dilakukan serangkaian pengujian, pemeriksaan, dan perhitungan terhadap tegangan yang bekerja. yaitu (1) pemeriksaan visual dan fraktografi, (2) pengujian komposisi kimia, dan (3) perhitungan analisa tegangan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa sebagian besar permukaan patah didominasi oleh indikasi daerah beban berlebih (zona overload) yang menunjukkan patah getas dan terjadi seketika. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan ditemukan beberapa ratchet mark yang merupakan tipikal adanya konsentrasi tegangan. Kondisi ini sangat sensitif terhadap beban tarik pada saat pengencangan. Berdasarkan analisa permukaan patahan termasuk kategori menerima kombinasi beban tarik  dan bending yang terkonsentrasi.  Sedangkan berdasarkan perhitungan analisa tegangan membuktikan bahwa telah terjadi beban torsi berlebih (over-torquing) yang diterima oleh baut.


Keywords


baut, konsentrasi tegangan, fraktografi, ratchet mark

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v8i1.113

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