Analisa Kegagalan Dongkrak Rel Kereta Api Kapasitas 10 Ton
Abstract
Maintenance rails on a railroad track aims to maintain the security and safety of rail travel when passing on the tracks. When the train passed over the rail is expected that the rail should be stable condition. To maintain high stability to the initial position, rail maintenance was performed to a jack rail by restoring the rail to starting point position. Mechanical power rail jack lifting cavacity 10 tons of high leverage50-10cm which is used by PTKAI have a relatively short life time and easily damaged. From the failure analysis of rail jack that does not function it reveals that jack rail damage or does not function due to broken (chipped) on the lifting rack-gear initiated by corrosion at inside parts of the frame, bushing, rack-gear lifter, pinion shaft, and the main spline. This component became thin, the contact area on the teeth become loose and receive dynamic cyclic load then fracture occurs. To prevent recurring damage it is recommended to maintenance with grease and to change the specification of material, especially for components that have contact area such as lifting rack-gear, shaft-gear, pinion shaft, the main spline, bushing and pedestal.
Pemeliharaan rel di lintasan jalan kereta api bertujuan untuk keamanan dan keselamatan perjalanan kereta api ketika melintas di atas rel. Untuk menjaga kestabilan tinggi muka rel terhadap posisi awal maka perawatan ketinggian permukaan dengan menggunakan dongkrak rel dengan cara mengembalikan posisi rel pada kedudukan titik awal. Dongkrak rel mekanik dengan daya angkat 10 ton dan tinggi ungkit 5 – 10 cm yang digunakan oleh PT KAI umur pakainya relatif pendek. Penelitian analisis kegagalan pada dongkrak rusak disebabkan oleh cacat gompal pada rack-gear pengangkat yang diawali oleh kerusakan korosi di bagian-bagian rangka sisi sebelah muka dalam, bushing, rack-gear pengangkat, poros pinion, dan spline utama. Kerusakan komponen ini ditandai oleh penipisan bidang kontak antar gigi sehingga menjadi longgar dan ketika bidang ini menerima beban dinamik berulang terjadilah gompal dan patah. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencegah terjadi kerusakan berulang kembali pada dongkrak rel disarankan bahan-bahan komponen yang bersentuhan dengan komponen lain seperti rack-gear pengangkat, roda gigi, poros pinion, spline utama, bushing dan bidang tumpuan dilakukan penggantian. Selain itu, pada bidang komponen yang bersentuhan dengan komponen lain dilakukan perawatan dengan cara pelumasan.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v4i1.45
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