Analisa Ketahanan Aus Besi Cor EN-JN2019 dengan Metode Factorial Design terhadap Unsur Paduan dan Laju Pendinginan
Abstract
Wear resistance is one of the requirement that must be possessed by a product used in abrasive environments. One of material that can be used in this condition is white cast irons or abrasion- resistant cast iron. EN-JN2019 is a type of cast iron which can be used in this condition. In this cast iron contains carbon, silicon, manganese, and chromium. Wear resistance analisys of this material has been done by using factorial design with a combination of two chromium contents (1% and 2%), combination of two silicon contents (1% and 1,5%) and combination of two thickness of the sample (5mm and 30mm). The thickness of the sample is representation of the cooling rate. Study on hardness, micro structure, impact testing and wear test for eight samples has been done.The result of hardness testing shows that hardness will decrease with the increased in thickness and it is followed by the changes in the microstructure as a result of the slower cooling rate. Increasing of chromium content will increase the hardness because of carbide formation. Increasing of silicon content will decrease its hardness due to the more graphite formation. Effect of chromium and silicon on hardness has a dependency to one another because of the addition of silicon will suppress carbide growth. From impact test, it has been demonstated that on all variation of chromium contents, silicon contents, and thickness, there has been no effect on impact value. Wear test showed that the harder the sample, the higher will be the wear resistant.
Salah satu material yang dapat digunakan pada kondisi lingkungan abrasif adalah white cast irons atau abrasion-resistant cast iron. EN-JN2019 adalah salah satu jenis besi cor yang dapat digunakan pada kondisi ini. Pada besi cor ini terkandung unsur karbon, silikon, mangan, dan chromium. Analisa ketahanan aus material ini telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan factorial design terhadap dua kombinasi kandungan chromium (1% dan 2%), dua kombinasi kandungan silikon (1% dan 1,5%) dan dua kombinasi ketebalan sampel (5mm dan 30mm). Ketebalan sampel merupakan representasi dari laju pendinginan. Kajian terhadap kekerasan, struktur mikro, uji impact dan uji aus dari delapan sampel yang dihasilkan dari proses pengecoran telah dilaksanakan pula. Hasil pengujian kekerasan menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan menurun dengan meningkatnya ketebalan dan disertai dengan perubahan struktur mikro sebagai hasil dari laju pendinginan yang semakin lambat. Penambahan kandungan chromium meningkatkan kekerasan karena adanya pembentukan karbida. Penambahan kandungan silikon menurunkan kekerasan akibat pembentukan grafit yang lebih mudah. Pengaruh kandungan chromium dan silikon terhadap kekerasan memiliki ketergantungan satu dengan lainnya, karena penambahan silikon menekan pertumbuhan karbida. Dari hasil pengujian impact didapatkan hasil, pada semua variasi chromium, silikon dan ketebalan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap harga impact. Sedangkan dari hasil pengujian keausan didapatkan bahwa kekerasan berbanding lurus dengan nilai wear resistant, semakin tinggi kekerasan maka nilai wear resistant akan semakin meningkat.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v6i1.64
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